Science is an organized venture which builds and supports scientific knowledge in the form of elaborate predictions and testable predictions about the universe. In simple terms, it is the use of scientific methodologies to generate knowledge and consequently to make possible the explanation of natural events and phenomena. There are various fields of science, like microbiology, zoology, botany, ecology, archeology, biomedical research, electricity and mechanics, which all are founded on well-established scientific theories. It also includes the practical application of scientific principles in daily life.
On the other hand,’KNOWLEDGE’ is the combination of two words; knowledge which can be proved or disproved, and scientific method by which this can be proved or disproved. Thus, the study of science is divided into two major divisions-experimental sciences and applied sciences. Most of the experiment based sciences are often associated with sciences which are empirical in nature i.e. they are concerned with the behaviour of living matter, including plants, animals, and human beings. While, on the other hand, the applied sciences are those which are empirical and are concerned with systems which are general, but not experimental in nature.
The two major theories of science that are more popularly known as the physical sciences include Physics, chemistry, and biology. A wide range of scientific methods are used to examine these fields and present their results in a particular theory. The most commonly used hypothesis in physics is ‘God particle’. The hypothesis suggests that the observed phenomena may be the result of the laws of some supreme intelligence or a special force.
Apart from this, there are a number of experimental techniques, for instance ‘chemistry-density’ theory, ‘epistolarum resonance’ theory, ‘gravitation’ theory etc. These techniques help in testing the hypotheses of a theory. When this happens, the scientists can get a firm proof about some scientific principle or theory. This helps in improving the techniques and procedures, so that a better quality of experiments can be carried out and new scientific methods can be devised for obtaining exact results.
To put it briefly, science deals with facts as well as explanations about those facts. For example, if you observe a fact about nature, then you can try to explain it by using various scientific theories. You do not need to use experiment to convince your audience, rather the explanation should be sufficient enough to hold their interest and curiosity. In fact, in science, no fact can be proven or disproved. A fact can only be tested or observed. For instance, if scientists find a planet rotating very fast, they will not be able to prove or disprove the theory, rather they can only find out whether it exists or not.
The bottom line is that scientists work in a field of science where hypothesis and experiment are the two basic ingredients for the success of the experiment. So, to understand what exactly is involved in carrying out a science fair project, one must learn the basic ideas about science itself. There are various methods that can be adopted to learn science. One can opt for a science textbook or for online tutorials. Once you have learnt how science actually works, you will be able to understand the hypothesis and make proper explanations to your classmates about how nature works.